I once shared a lift to a hospital with two Mayors and an Archbishop.
They were all chatting about the National Health Service, personal memories of south east London, getting arrested by a brutal authoritarian police state - the usual stuff. I was in the front seat listening to every word of the conversation, barely able to believe I’d played a role in making it happen.
We were on our way to the opening of a new wing of Lewisham Hospital where the Archbishop, who served as a curate at St. Augustine’s church in Grove Park in the 1970’s, would be the guest of honour. He’d been invited by the Mayor of Lewisham, Sir Steve Bullock and I was working in Sir Steve’s office at the time, managing a civic partnership between Lewisham and a newly-created municipality in South Africa.
The Archbishop and the second Mayor in the people-carrier that day were South Africans and this December both of them died within ten days of each other.
To say the Archbishop - with his purple robe, white clerical collar, infectious giggle and defiant fist - was an icon of the struggle against apartheid is almost a cliché. Desmond Tutu became a living, visual embodiment of the righteous howl of indignation at a grotesque system of racial oppression. Later, as spiritual guide to the new South Africa’s ‘Rainbow Nation’ we saw more of the funny, kind, emotionally intelligent Tutu. There was also the broken Tutu, with his head in his hands weeping as he heard testimonies at the Truth & Reconciliation Commission (TRC), the process that began to shine light on the horrors that apartheid had wrought.
This “Rabble-Rouser for Peace” remained fierce and blisteringly articulate in his moral focus, as well as joyously radical in his interpretation of scripture and what it means to love all of God’s children without conditions. In recent years he became a thorn in the side of a government and ruling party as it succumbed to corruption and incompetence. Quite simply, Desmond Tutu was precisely the kind of priest the church will never have enough of and the significance of his passing stands alongside the loss of Nelson Mandela in December 2013 – two totemic figures of church and state.
The other South African who Tutu and Sir Steve were speaking to on the way to the hospital that day was Duma Nkosi, Mayor of Ekurhuleni. If you’re not South African you may not have heard of Duma or know where Ekurhuleni is, but you will have at least seen TV footage of the place.
The news reports announcing the death of Tutu on Boxing Day were packed with archive footage from the 80’s and 90’s of protests, riots and street battles blurred by teargas and smoke. A lot of that footage was filmed in the townships on the East Rand of Johannesburg - Thokoza, Kathlehong, Vosloorus - where violence erupted between state security forces and local communities, as well as between different political factions of the struggle. Today, the eastern flank of the Johannesburg city region, including the international airport, is called Ekurhuleni, meaning ‘place of peace and prosperity’ in Xitsonga. But in the early 1990’s, when the negotiations to agree a path to the country’s first democratic elections were at their most tense, South Africa was on the brink of civil war and Ekurhuleni was ground zero.
Duma was Chair of the ANC in Thokoza at the time, one of the townships worst hit by the violence of the transition. He’d already been arrested and imprisoned several times, including a stretch on Robben Island where Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada and the rest of the African National Congress (ANC) leadership spent most of their time in captivity. I once got talking to a former inmate on one of my visits to the island and I mentioned Duma. He casually pointed to a dilapidated old building surrounded by weeds and said, “I remember Duma, he was over there in cell block E.”
Like so much of South Africa’s recent history, the narrative thread that connects the great iconic characters of its national liberation story also runs through the local stories of countless other people and places. We’re always inspired to see political leaders setting aside their differences, reaching across the aisle and making peace whether it’s Mandela and de Klerk in South Africa, or McGuinness and Paisley in Northern Ireland. Yet we rarely hear what it’s like on the ground in city halls and municipal meeting rooms even though the stakes can be just as high at the local level. Hardly anywhere else in the world is that more the case than in Ekurhuleni, where no less than nine municipalities would be amalgamated into one new ‘metro’ stretching across South Africa’s most politically divided region.
I’m reminded of the senior leadership team that Duma, a former comrade in the armed struggle, created when he became Mayor in 2001 after serving as an MP in South Africa’s first democratic Parliament. It included for example, a white Afrikaans-speaking former tank commander in the South African Defence Force, as well as the ANC’s main weapon’s supplier who spent time on death row for a bombing and was given amnesty by the TRC, chaired by Desmond Tutu.
In fact, the TRC was a decisive factor in the peace that was eventually achieved in Ekurhuleni and one of its most significant achievements was felt in Thokoza, where the conflict had been the most bloody.
An early Cabinet appointee of Duma’s was also a civic leader from Thokoza days and the two of them played a key role in encouraging combatants to disarm and engage with the peace process. In time they would move on to the broader, longer-term and more difficult task of reconciliation and the myriad practical issues it entails at the local level; setting up local peace committees, creating opportunities to train and upskill people, establishing a municipal police service made up of officers from both sides of a conflict that had once ripped a region apart. One of Duma’s early Mayoral initiatives was not only getting former combatants into secure jobs, but also collecting and preserving the stories from that time so as to remember, honour and commemorate the trauma an entire community experienced.
On Christmas Eve I watched Duma’s funeral streamed online from Katlehong and I heard described by so many of his friends and family the same Duma I had the privilege of meeting and spending time with, both in Ekurhuleni and here in London. A funny, kind, emotionally intelligent father, husband and brother, but a leader of principle and discipline too. You couldn’t have a conversation with Duma without laughing at some point, and yet he always had a reflection to share about the bigger picture too, a gentle reminder of what we were all trying to achieve together and for whom. It was always ‘we’ and ‘us’ with Duma, which for me, as an outsider, was particularly humbling.
After a long illness Duma passed away on 16th December. It was a public holiday in South Africa. Since 1995 it’s been celebrated as the Day of Reconciliation.
When the news of Desmond Tutu’s passing broke on Boxing Day I remembered that day at Lewisham Hospital, how the sight of his iconic purple robe literally stopped traffic as he crossed Rushey Green, and what his return to the Borough meant to the local community. Up at the podium he moved and inspired us one minute, then had us in stitches the next with stories of loss and despair and grief coming full circle to ones of liberation, reconciliation and hope.
But as the archive news footage of apartheid South Africa and the troubled streets of Ekurhuleni began to roll this week, I was also reminded of that conversation in the back of the people-carrier en route to the hospital, between a civic leader from Thokoza who once encouraged his angry young comrades to hand in their weapons and commit to the work of reconciliation, and the Archbishop who chaired the symbolic, high-stakes first step of that national process.
Duma leaned over to Tutu and said, “You know, I had to learn how to go from stone thrower to stone collector.”
In any other context Duma’s comment would have been the inspiring reflection of a politician, a challenge to others to join the collective effort of writing an exciting new national story. In fact, he often used the phrase in meetings and speeches so I’d heard it before.
Yet in the back of that people-carrier, sitting next to Desmond Tutu, Duma seemed to strike a softer tone. It was as if the Mayor of the region where South Africa had once stared into the abyss was confiding in someone who knew more than most the hard graft that had to be done inside the heart of anyone who had truly lived the horror of the old story. And what rebuilding a community and a people from the ground up - brick by brick, stone by stone, heart by heart - was really like.
*****
In memory of Desmond Mpilo Tutu (1931-2021) and Duma Moses Nkosi (1957-2021).